The Public Health Agency of Canada has announced a significant update regarding the first confirmed human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) within Canada, a rare and serious infection also known as bird flu. This case, identified in a teenager from British Columbia, highlights the evolving nature of zoonotic diseases and the importance of Canada’s ongoing animal and human health monitoring.
Background on the Case: The patient, who resides in British Columbia, tested positive for the H5N1 strain on November 9, following a presumptive positive result. This confirmation was made by the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg. The strain detected, specifically the clade 2.3.4.4b (genotype D.1.1) of H5N1, is associated with the current outbreak in poultry in the region.
Actions Taken: British Columbia’s provincial health officials have responded swiftly, initiating robust public health measures, including:
- Contact Tracing: Tracking and monitoring close contacts of the affected individual to prevent further spread.
- Antiviral Prophylaxis: Offering antiviral medications to those at risk to minimise infection.
- Monitoring: Conducting continuous surveillance for any signs of additional cases, with no new cases reported to date.
While there remains no evidence of avian influenza among dairy cattle or in milk supplies in Canada, PHAC has reassured Canadians that pasteurized milk products are safe for consumption.
Understanding the Risk: Although this is the first domestically acquired human case of H5N1, the PHAC emphasizes that transmission of avian influenza to humans is rare and typically requires direct, unprotected contact with infected birds or contaminated environments. With this in mind, PHAC continues to collaborate with provincial, territorial, and local health authorities, as well as international organizations, to assess and mitigate any risks to the Canadian public.
Public Health Recommendations: PHAC advises Canadians to take the following precautions to reduce exposure to avian influenza:
- Avoid Handling Wild Birds or Other Wildlife: Refrain from touching live or dead wild birds, as well as other wild animals, as they may carry avian influenza or other zoonotic diseases.
- Protect Pets: Ensure pets are kept away from sick or deceased wildlife.
- Precautions for Animal Handlers: Individuals working with animals in potentially contaminated areas should use personal protective equipment, including gloves and masks, to reduce exposure.
If you suspect you have been in contact with infected animals or environments, it’s recommended to self-monitor for symptoms of avian influenza (fever, cough, difficulty breathing) for 10 days after exposure. Seek medical guidance if any symptoms develop.
Symptoms and What to Watch For: Human infection with H5N1 avian influenza can present with symptoms ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to severe respiratory issues. Early signs to look out for include:
- Fever and chills
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Muscle aches
- Difficulty breathing (in severe cases)
Early medical attention can be crucial in managing symptoms effectively.
Statement from Dr. Theresa Tam, Chief Public Health Officer of Canada:
“Our health systems are vigilant, and our partners across human and animal health sectors are actively collaborating to address this case. We must remain aware of zoonotic diseases and continue to uphold preventive measures to reduce transmission risks. Our priority remains the health and safety of Canadians.”
Global Context of Avian Influenza:
Canada’s ongoing surveillance of avian influenza aligns with a global focus on managing and containing the spread of this virus among animal populations, particularly in avian species. Recently, outbreaks of avian influenza have been reported in the U.S., especially among dairy cattle. However, the clade affecting cattle in the U.S. differs from the strain confirmed in Canada, and no cases have been reported in Canadian livestock outside of poultry.
As Canada continues to respond to this case, the Public Health Agency of Canada and Health Canada Today are committed to updating the public on emerging information and guidance. For further details on avian influenza, including information on symptoms, prevention, and who may be at increased risk, visit the Public Health Agency of Canada website.
Health Canada Today – Keeping Canadians Informed
At Health Canada Today, we prioritise sharing accurate and timely health information. Stay tuned as we continue to monitor this developing situation and provide updates on steps Canadians can take to protect themselves and their communities.